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When Is a Person Considered Disabled By Social Security Disability? In general, a person is considered disabled by the Social Security Administration (SSA) when they can no longer earn a living because of a medical condition that has lasted – or is expected to last – a year or more. Only people with permanent or long-lasting impairments qualify for disability benefits. Terminal illnesses also qualify. To determine if you meet the definition of disability, the SSA will look at medical evidence to prove you meet the criteria for disability. How do You Qualify for Disability Benefits Based on an Impairment Listing? The SSA publishes a book of potentially disabling conditions, known as the Blue Book. This book lists the criteria you must meet to qualify for benefits based on your specific medical impairment.