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THE EVERY STUDENT SUCCEEDS ACT (ESSA) The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) introduced numerous changes to educational policy, covering issues such as testing, teacher quality, and low-performing schools. Additionally, it transferred a significant amount of decision-making authority from the Federal government to states and school districts. The ESSA removes the previous accountability system that penalized states for insufficient student proficiency in reading and math, which led to excessive testing. Instead, ESSA allows states to develop their own accountability systems, determining their own methods for improving failing schools and closing achievement gaps. States then submit their plans, including the names of peer reviewers, to the Education Department. States are required to integrate at least four indicators into their accountability systems: academic achievement, another academic indicator, English language proficiency, and an additional indicator of school quality. The first three indicators must each have significant weight and collectively outweigh the additional measure of school quality. Additionally, schools must aim to close achievement and graduation rate gaps for all underperforming groups.